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Cloud / DevOps B2B SaaS

Multi-region Kubernetes Migration

Migrated a monolith to a 17-microservice Kubernetes cluster across 3 AWS regions with zero-downtime deploys and 40% cost reduction.

Enterprise SaaS (Confidential) 20 weeks 2 engineers + client team 2023
40% Cost saving
17 Microservices
0 Downtime incidents
Tech Stack
KubernetesAWS EKSTerraformHelmArgoCDPrometheusGrafana

The Challenge

An enterprise SaaS company running a 6-year-old Rails monolith on EC2 was hitting scaling limits. Single-region deployments caused 40-minute downtime windows. Their AWS bill was $42k/month with poor resource utilization. They needed a migration path that didn't stop feature delivery.

Our Solution

Strangler fig pattern: extract services one at a time behind a gateway proxy, test in parallel with the monolith, then cut over. 20-week engagement delivered all 17 target services with full IaC (Terraform), GitOps-based deployments (ArgoCD), and comprehensive observability (Prometheus + Grafana + Loki).

The Results

AWS bill dropped to $25k/month (-40%). Zero-downtime deploys from the 8th week onward. P95 API latency improved by 34% due to horizontal scaling and right-sizing. Full multi-region active-passive failover implemented.

SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Under the Hood: Architecture & Data Flow

Multi-region Kubernetes cloud architecture migrating a legacy monolith to 17 containerized microservices utilizing the Strangler Fig pattern, GitOps automation, and zero-downtime canary rollouts.

Throughput: 45,000,000 requests/month
Latency: 34% P95 latency improvement
Global Ingress & DNS Tier
DNS & Edge
Route 53 Latency Routing AWS Route 53
Latency-based multi-region traffic routing
Latency Routing PolicyAutomated Health ChecksFailover within 60s
AWS Application Load Balancer AWS ALB / AWS WAF
Layer-7 traffic distribution & WAF inspection
AWS WAF IntegrationPath-based Routing RulesCross-Zone Load Balancing
HTTPS / TLS 1.3
Service Mesh & Strangler Gateway
Service Mesh
Nginx Strangler Proxy Gateway Nginx / OpenResty
Shadow traffic duplication & phased cutover
Shadow Traffic MirroringDynamic Canary SplittingZero-Downtime Cutover
Istio Service Mesh Istio 1.19 / Envoy
Mutual TLS and inter-service telemetry
mTLS Zero-Trust EncryptionDistributed Tracing SpansCircuit Breaking Guards
Internal Mesh / gRPC
Container Compute & CI/CD
K8s Compute
17 EKS Microservices Pods Kubernetes 1.28 / AWS EKS
Scalable containerized business services
ARM Graviton SavingsHorizontal Pod AutoscalingResource Limits & Quotas
ArgoCD & Argo Rollouts ArgoCD / Helm / GitOps
Declarative deployment & canary gates
Git as Single Truth SourceCanary Metric GatesInstant One-Click Rollback
Persistence & State Sync
Resilient Cloud Data Layer
Storage
AWS Aurora PostgreSQL Multi-AZ AWS Aurora Serverless v2
Relational storage with sub-second failover
Sub-Second FailoverServerless Dynamic ScaleContinuous Snapshot Backups
Amazon ElastiCache Redis Cluster ElastiCache Redis 7
Shared distributed caching and locks
Sub-Millisecond Read TimesMulti-Node ShardingAutomatic Node Replacement
Component Details
STEP 1 OF 5
HTTPS / TLS 1.3
Route 53 Latency Routing AWS Application Load Balancer
Worldwide traffic hits Route 53 and resolves to closest healthy AWS region with SSL termination.
Key Engineering Decisions & Trade-offs
✓ Strangler Fig Extraction over Big-Bang Rewrite

Allowed continuous SaaS feature releases while incrementally migrating 17 microservices behind a shadow proxy, avoiding any platform downtime.

✓ Declarative GitOps with ArgoCD

Eliminated manual kubectl operations; every deployment, configuration change, and rollback is version-controlled in Git for complete auditability.

TECHNICAL DEPTH

Deep Dive Specifications

Strangler Fig Approach

We wrapped the monolith behind an nginx gateway and extracted services in dependency order. Each new service ran in shadow mode alongside the monolith for 1 sprint before traffic was switched. This gave the client team confidence and eliminated big-bang migration risk.

GitOps with ArgoCD

All Kubernetes manifests live in a dedicated GitOps repository. ArgoCD polls for changes and applies them to the cluster. Rollbacks are a git revert. Every deploy is auditable by commit SHA. Canary releases use Argo Rollouts with automatic metric-based promotion gates.

Observability Stack

Prometheus scrapes all services via pod annotations. Grafana dashboards per service with RED metrics (Rate, Errors, Duration). Loki aggregates structured JSON logs. PagerDuty integration fires alerts on error rate spikes or latency SLO breaches.

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